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Chilean national plebiscite, 1988
The 1988 Chilean national plebiscite was a national referendum held on 5 October 1988 to determine whether de facto Chilean President, Gen. Augusto Pinochet should extend his rule for another eight years. The "No" side won with nearly 56% of the vote, thus ending the military's 16½ years in power.
==Background==
Army General Augusto Pinochet took power on 11 September 1973 in a coup d'état which deposed the democratically-elected Socialist President Salvador Allende. Allende killed himself as the presidential palace was being bombarded. A military junta — led by Pinochet, Air Force General Gustavo Leigh, Navy Admiral José Toribio Merino, and Carabinero Chief General César Mendoza — was sworn in the same evening. The following day, the four drafted an official document suspending the 1925 constitution and Congress and establishing the Junta as the country's supreme authority. Pinochet was designated as its first President, and the four verbally agreed to rotate the office. Shortly after, the Junta established an advisory committee, which Pinochet was successful in staffing with Army officers loyal to himself. One of their first recommendations was to discard the idea of a rotating Presidency, arguing it would create too many administrative problems and lead to confusion.〔 In March 1974, six months after the Junta’s establishment, Pinochet verbally attacked the Christian Democratic Party and stated that there was no set timetable for a return to civilian rule. On 18 December 1974 Pinochet was declared Supreme Leader of the nation. After that date, the junta functioned strictly as a legislative body until the return to democracy in 1990.
On 24 September 1973, a commission was set up by the junta to draw up a blueprint for a new constitution. By 5 October 1978, the commission had finished its work. During the next two years, the proposal was studied by the Council of State presided by former president Jorge Alessandri, and in July 1980 it submitted a Constitution draft to Pinochet and the Junta. A constitutional referendum, regarded as "highly irregular"〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A Country Study: Chile )〕 and forthrightly "fraudulent"〔http://www.icso.cl/noticias/el-fraude-claudio-fuentes-s-publica-libro-sobre-plebiscito-de-la-constitucion-de-1980/〕 by some observers, took place on 11 September 1980, in which the new constitution was approved by 67% of voters.〔Nohlen, p268〕 The Constitution, which took effect on 11 March 1981, established a "transition period," during which Pinochet would continue to exercise the executive power and the Junta the legislative power, for the next eight years. Before that period ended, a candidate for President was to be proposed by the Commanders in Chief of the Armed Forces and Carabinero Chief General for the following period of eight years. The candidate was to be ratified by registered voters in a national plebiscite. On 30 August 1988 Pinochet was declared to be the candidate.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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